Recirculating Aquaculture Monitoring

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Recirculating aquaculture systems (RAS) are a unique and emerging development in the field of aquaculture where fish and other species are raised on land in tanks. Water use is minimized through filtering, treatment and reuse. Success with RAS therefore depends on close management and process control, and automated water quality monitoring is a critical component of the operation.

Recirculating Aquaculture Systems

RAS is a modern form of aquaculture that has steadily gained interest since the 1970s. While relatively complex and resource-intensive, RAS has demonstrated viability in high-density fish production which may help to meet increasing demand from a growing population. Water quality is of particular importance as water is circulated through treatment processes.
To remove un-ionized ammonia (NH3) excreted by fish and highly toxic even at small concentrations, water passes through biofilters with nitrifying bacteria.
Bacteria perform this conversion first by oxidizing NH3 to less toxic nitrite (NO2), and then to largely non-toxic nitrate (NO3) by another group of bacteria.
Besides biofiltration, fish also require dissolved oxygen to breathe, so careful oxygen management both in the tanks and during treatment is essential.
Carbon dioxide (CO2) produced in intensive production systems can lower pH levels, which can in turn affect fish respiration.
Some CO2 is beneficial for mitigating ammonia toxicity, but pH levels must be carefully controlled to keep within the optimal range for fish growth.
Water temperature must also be controlled throughout, as it has a significant influence on feed uptake and growth rates of cultured fish.
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Typical RAS Monitoring System

RAS has several advantages over traditional aquaculture in that it reduces water requirements, eliminates risk of fish escape, and opens up aquaculture to areas without large surface water supplies. With careful management, it may also reduce risk for disease and parasite outbreaks. Careful management depends in large part on data gathered from automated RAS aquaculture monitoring systems.

A typical system consists of a network of X3 environmental data loggers mounted on fish tanks and at treatment processes. The loggers are equipped with wireless transmitters for sending real-time data, or alternatively through cabled connections. Power is supplied through an AC power source with optional battery backup.

The X3 supports most industry-standard water quality sensor types. Sensors are commonly delivered together in multi-parameter sonde instruments such as those from YSI, Hydrolab, Eureka, and In-situ. The YSI EXO3s is one such instrument that can deliver most of the important water quality parameters in a relatively cost-effective package with central wiper for good long-term performance and minimal maintenance.

Since the X3 has multiple sensor ports, sensors can be placed in multiple tanks with cables back to a central logging unit. Furthermore, splitters are available to bus several instruments together on the same line, thus increasing the number of tanks that can be monitored per logger.

In any configuration, data is delivered in near real-time to the WQData LIVE web datacenter. WQData LIVE allows for remote logger control and includes many options for viewing, manipulating, reporting and exporting data. It additionally offers configurable alert and alarm notifications to immediately inform personnel of out of range measurements so that corrective action can swiftly be taken.

Contact a NexSens Applications Engineer today to discuss your recirculating aquaculture monitoring application.

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